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2023 web3 development report

2024 (indicated by copyright notice "@2024 Alchemy Insights, Inc.") · Published by Alchemy
Alchemy's flagship annual industry research report (published early 2024) analyzing 2023 web3 developer activity: SDK installs, smart contract deployments, chain-by-chain ecosystem highlights, ERC-4337 account abstraction adoption, and NFT/DeFi market trends, with a documented methodology. A data-driven thought-leadership asset built from proprietary platform data.

Executive Summary

EVM development grows

The last five years of EVM development have shown consistent growth with SDK installs reaching ATHs each year.

Solana regains momentum

Solana activity quickly gained momentum, competing with Ethereum's DEX and NFT volume in Q4.

ERC-4337 gains adoption 1.8 million total accounts deployed in just two quarters.

NFT market share shifts

Solana and Polygon chip away at Ethereum's long-held market share, snagging 8% of NFT volume.

L2s create new rollup frameworks

The OP Stack, Arbitrum Orbit and Polygon's CDK allowed new chains to launch as either L2s (settling to Ethereum) or L3s (settling to the layer 2).

Web3 devs drive activity to new ATHs in 2023

NFTs and DeFi fell while tokens rebounded

NFTs: -76% Y/Y Trading volume to $12.78B USD DeFi trading volume: -30.28% Y/Y to $862.63B

Token Prices:

Exciting Web3 Use Cases in Action

NFT: Pudgy Penguins launched toy and collectible line in collaboration with Walmart and zkSync, generating new licensing opportunities for Pudgy holders.

Loyalty: Boba Guys launched onchain loyalty program using Solana and plans to integrate NFTs and token-gated experiences to drive consumer engagement.

Supply Chain: WiPro deploys Falcon, a supply chain platform incubated by Shell and powered by Polygon PoS and Alchemy's account abstraction stack.

Auth: Fox Corporation released Verify, its product for content authentication allowing media companies to register content and grant usage rights to AI platforms.

TradFi: Franklin Templeton launched the Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund on Polygon, the first U.S.-registered mutual fund to use a public blockchain.

Our Approach: Understanding the Builder Ecosystem

The development cycle shows developers build new products, which onboard more users, which then attract more builders to the web3 space.

5 Stages of Developer Activity

1. Ideation & interest — Developer becomes interested in web3 and forms an idea of what to build 2. Local development — Developer installs libraries for web3 application building and local deployment 3. Testnet deploys — Developer connects to testnet blockchains through RPC nodes, gets testnet ETH and deploys on testnets 4. Mainnet deployments — Developer connects to mainnet blockchains, places Ethereum in wallet and deploys to mainnet 5. Scaling usage — Developer maintains and improves existing code base for growth

Measuring Builder Momentum

These 3 indicators show how devs are building, deploying, and scaling:

Developers Leveled Up Their Skills

Students used Alchemy University to learn web3 basics including Javascript, Solidity, and EVM fundamentals.

Events, Hackathons Drew Huge Crowds

Local Development Stage

Before launching projects on testnets or mainnet blockchains, devs build on their personal computers to test and iterate before shipping.

Total Ethereum SDK installs have consistently increased for the past 5 years:

Ethereum SDKs include ethers, web3, hardhat, truffle, foundry, eth, alchemy-sdk, viem, userops, and wagmi.

Wallet SDK Growth

Weekly wallet SDK installs followed suit:

Wallet SDKs include Coinbase Wallet, Rainbow, Web3 Onboard, and Web3 Modal which developers use to connect consumers to the Ethereum blockchain, signaling more dapps added wallet support.

Testnet Developer Activity Stage

Developers deploy applications to testnets to refine their product on a blockchain that mirrors the mainnet environment without spending real ETH.

Sepolia rises as Goerli officially deprecates

Continued evolution of Ethereum testnets shows:

Mainnet Developer Activity Stage

Developers deploy tested applications to the mainnet when their product is ready to serve real users in a live environment.

Ethereum Milestones

EVM L2 Contracts Growth

EVM L2 contracts grew 303.42% Y/Y with:

L2 Bridging Activity

L2 bridging up 138.15% Y/Y for Total Unique Bridgers from Ethereum Mainnet to Arbitrum, Optimism, Starknet, and zkSync L2s.

Scaling Usage Stage

As web3 products attract real users and find product-market fit, developers need to scale their systems to support the increased consumer demand.

Polygon Redefined Web3 Use Cases for NFTs and DeFi

2023 Highlights:

Polygon Dev Activity on Alchemy

Arbitrum Released New Powerful Developer Tooling

2023 Highlights:

Arbitrum Devs and Activity Growth on Alchemy

Optimism Launched New Upgrades and Base Support

2023 Highlights:

Optimism Builders Showed Their Strength

Solana Had a Breakout Year

2023 Highlights:

Solana Dev Activity Soared in 2023

Astar Brought Big Brands and Devs Together

2023 Highlights:

Astar Devs Were Alchemy API Power Users

Starknet: Technical Innovations Attract Activity and Interest

2023 Highlights:

Trends and Insights

Major Moments in Web3

2023 was a big year for reshaping the industry in terms of tightening security, professionalizing services, and shipping new use cases.

FTX fallout: After the high-profile implosion of FTX in 2022, Sam Bankman-Fried was found guilty on seven federal counts and convicted on fraud and money laundering charges. The collapse cast a shadow over the Solana ecosystem for much of 2023.

Tokenization: Demand for onchain Real World Assets (RWAs) increased more than 4x in Q4 alone to over $5.6B in assets, while traditional finance institutions made big strides in tokenizing securities on private networks.

Crypto ETFs: Years of legal and regulatory work by industry leaders culminated in victories in 2023 that paved the way for the January 2024 approval of the first spot Bitcoin ETFs.

Account Abstraction's Breakout Year: ERC-4337

Smart account adoption saw major growth in the fourth quarter of 2023, surpassing 1 million total deployed accounts.

Polygon Led All Chains with Active Smart Accounts

Monthly Active Accounts data tracked from March 2023 through November 2023.

Smart Account Power Users Grew 15x

Monthly Active Accounts classified by usage showed significant growth.

Returning Smart Account Users Increased 13% in Q4

New vs Returning Monthly Active Accounts data tracked growth.

Global Paymaster Volume Passed $1,000,000 Milestone in Q4

Cumulative Paymaster Volume (USD) reached this significant threshold.

User Operations Increased 193% in Q4

Monthly UserOps showed substantial growth.

ERC-4337 Use Cases Popped Off in Q4

In Q4, the top three apps driving growth were:

Grindery — a popular self-custodial EVM smart wallet for Telegram, generated 35% of UserOps in December.

FanTV — a video streaming platform that rewards users with tokens for watching videos. In December, 18% of UserOps were driven by users claiming and transferring FanTV rewards.

CyberConnect — a web3 social network that allows developers to create social applications centered on digital identity and content ownership, generated 13% of UserOps in December.

NFT Volume Down -76% Y/Y

NFT Volume by Year shows decline from previous year.

NFT Users Down -56% Y/Y

Unique Wallets that traded NFTs declined significantly.

8% of NFT Volume Transitioned from Ethereum to Solana and Polygon

NFT Volume by Chain shows market share shifts.

NFTs Start to Take on New Forms

While traditional NFT volume and users were down across EVM chains, new forms of non-fungible tokens took the stage in 2023.

Bitcoin Ordinals: Ordinal Inscriptions were introduced in early 2023 with the Ordinal protocol and the BRC-20 token standard. By December 2023, more than 47M Ordinals were inscribed on Bitcoin by 263K users.

Inscriptions migrate: The resulting congestion on the Bitcoin network led creators to migrate across a number of chains, leading to similar challenges and dominating Q4 traffic for some.

Solana NFTs: In 2023, Solana snatched up 6% of NFT volume away from Ethereum. By the end of 2023, monthly sales volume of Solana NFTs surpassed Ethereum for the first time ever.

EVM DeFi Volume Down -30.28% Y/Y

DeFi volume declined from the previous year.

EVM DeFi Users Down -9.24% Y/Y

DeFi Unique Active Wallets also decreased.

METHODOLOGY

This report aims to provide an accurate and useful representation of web3 development.

The following sources were used for data collection purposes: Alchemy's data, Dune (verified smart contracts), npmjs.com (SDK installations and metadata), and Coingecko (token prices).

Sources:

LEGAL DISCLAIMER

This report is for informational purposes and does not constitute investment, legal, or tax advice. You should not put undue reliance on any statements of historical trends or interpret them as guarantees of future performance or results.

In addition to providing information based on internal sources, this report contains statistical data and estimates that are based on public information. You should not give undue weight to such data or estimates as they have not been verified.

No representations or warranties are made as to the accuracy or completeness of the data presented nor is there commitment to updating such data after the date of this report. By reviewing, sending, receiving, or sharing this report, you acknowledge that you will be solely responsible for your own assessment of the market, our company, and the other organizations mentioned.

As indicated on the Alchemy website, there is a business relationship with certain chains including Ethereum, Polygon, Optimism, Arbitrum, Starknet, and Astar. However, this report is not intended to promote the token of any particular chain.

© 2024 Alchemy Insights, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide.

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